Holden :: essays papers

Holden Holden Caulfield is in many ways a typical teenager, skeptical of all authority and with a truculent attitude. The one value that he espouses is authenticity and morality, although he does not carry any other these characteristics himself. Holden also focuses on authenticity and, in turn, the essential phoniness of others around him but does not go steady the phoniness in himself. Holdens admission that he is the most terrific liar. One could meet is an apt statement, for his delusions extend beyond making others believe his deceptions. In fact, it is debatable whether or not people believe Holdens lies. Rather, Holdens ability to lie is most manifest in his own sense of self-delusion. Holden is at a constant war with himself amongst the way he acts and the way he likes other to act. Continuing to berate others for phoniness, Holden cannot recognize the same sense of vapidity within himself. For example, he claims to be two illiterate and an avid reader, and when id entifying his favorite authors he cannot identify any particular reason why he likes those authors works. A reoccurring theme in the story is how Holden thinks everyone he comes into contact with is a phony, but yet throughout the novel it seems that the phoniest person is Holden. These two sides are contradicting each other . For instance, he says that he hates Ackley and yet when he needs a place to stay after his fight with Stadlater he turns to Ackley for a place to stay. What I think Holden really feels is that Ackley is someone who socially he feels should be a looser but someone who he trusts and can come to in a time of need. Holden seems to harbor a disgust for any typeface of depend uponuality, whether Ackleys obviously rancid boasts or Stradlaters successful seductions. Yet, Holden brags about his own false sexual encounters. To the reader, it could be easy to determine that Holden is sexually frustrated wanting sex but when having the opportunity to have it forcefully declines. Holden continues to show a latent hostility toward everyone he meets, for instance the encounters with Lillian Simmons or Horwitz. In most of these encounters, Holden expresses a false sense of cordiality toward the people he encounters, yet describes only their most negative traits.

Employee Empowerment Essay -- Business, Organizational Development

IntroductionCurrently organizations are facing with an progressively competitive global business climate. That pressurizes organizations to develop policies to rise workplace load on the one hand, and leads employees to develop their skills on being spiritual by considering the goods of their organizations and draw/managers on the other by keeping themselves off from being involved in counterproductive work practices. Organizational commitment has been defined in turn of distinguishable ways that have evolved throughout the years. best-selling(predicate) definitions have been proposed by Becker (1960) and Porter et al. (1974). Becker (1960) defined organizational commitment as a tendency to interlock in consistent lines of activity as the comprehend cost of doing otherwise is greater while Porter et al. (1974) described it as the strength of an individuals identification with and involvement in a limited organization. Allen and Mayer, 1990, (p.14) defined .A psychological s tate that binds the individual to the organization (i.e., makes turnover less likely). People having high take of organizational commitment are supposed to be highly productive at work with a superior wisdom of duty and devotion (Ulrich, 1998)Organiatioanl commitment of individuals is one of the major concern for todays HR mangers based on the strategic assosiation between Organiztioanl commitment and employee performance. Organizatioanl commitment is a complicated phnoemenan as it relies upon different factors for individuals at different hierachal level of the organization. It is therefrom important for the mangers of an enterprise to cope with this challenge strategically.Allen and Meyer (1990) suggest that commitment can take three different forms... ...econd burst explicitly describes the scheme of research methods, including info collection, measurements, and statistics. The third part gives the analysis results of the present field of honor and corresponding discussion with some of the reasons and explanations. The final part concludes the findings of the study and points both theoretical and managerial contributions, and presents suggestions for prospective research and the limitations of the study.De-Limitations of the StudyAs all the variables of present study are directly related with homophile behavior and discovering human behavior is one of the complex tasks for HR manager. Highly competitive and turbulent upbringings in the business industry may restrict this study to generalize the consequences. Respondents usually do not chemical reaction with full attention towards it. Time and cost is another limitation for this study. Employee Empowerment Essay -- Business, Organizational DevelopmentIntroductionCurrently organizations are facing with an increasingly competitive global business climate. That pressurizes organizations to develop policies to enhance workplace commitment on the one hand, and leads employees to develop their skills on being spiritual by considering the goods of their organizations and leader/managers on the other by keeping themselves away from being involved in counterproductive work practices. Organizational commitment has been defined in number of different ways that have evolved throughout the years. Popular definitions have been proposed by Becker (1960) and Porter et al. (1974). Becker (1960) defined organizational commitment as a tendency to engage in consistent lines of activity as the perceived cost of doing otherwise is greater while Porter et al. (1974) described it as the strength of an individuals identification with and involvement in a particular organization. Allen and Mayer, 1990, (p.14) defined .A psychological state that binds the individual to the organization (i.e., makes turnover less likely). People having high level of organizational commitment are supposed to be highly productive at work with a superior wisdom of duty and devotion (Ulrich, 1998)Organiatio anl commitment of individuals is one of the major concern for todays HR mangers based on the strategic assosiation between Organiztioanl commitment and employee performance. Organizatioanl commitment is a complicated phnoemenan as it relies upon different factors for individuals at different hierachal level of the organization. It is therefore important for the mangers of an enterprise to cope with this challenge strategically.Allen and Meyer (1990) suggest that commitment can take three different forms... ...econd part explicitly describes the scheme of research methods, including data collection, measurements, and statistics. The third part gives the analysis results of the present study and corresponding discussion with some of the reasons and explanations. The final part concludes the findings of the study and points both theoretical and managerial contributions, and presents suggestions for future research and the limitations of the study.De-Limitations of the StudyAs all the variables of present study are directly related with human behavior and discovering human behavior is one of the complex tasks for HR manager. Highly competitive and turbulent upbringings in the business industry may restrict this study to generalize the consequences. Respondents usually do not response with full attention towards it. Time and cost is another limitation for this study.

History and Effects of Marijuana :: Marijuana Should NOT Be Legal

Marijuana is the common name for the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. Hemp grows in tropical and in warm cold-temperate climates. Dried up grounded leaves and stems have been known for a long period of time to be used as a drug. Through out some different regions in the world and for centuries has been used. Other uses as in medical to relieve symptoms of illness . Throughout its long history, parts of the plant have been smoked, chewed, eaten, and regular(a) brewed for it effects on the human biochemistry. Marijuana, having over 400 chemicals and the main chemical, Tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC was noted to be found in the middle-1960s. Marijuana a Spanish name has many other names such as weed, pot, grass, reefer, Mary Jane, and ganja. The history of marijuana appeared in the early 2700 B.C. in a Chinese manuscript. Explorers to the sunrise(prenominal) world first observed it in 1545. It was considered to be a very useful crop and that the Jamestown settlers in 1607 began its cultiv ation. Later, Virginia, farmers were actually fined for not growing this plant. From the 17th to the mid 20th century marijuana was considered a household drug used from treating headaches, menstrual cramps, and toothaches. Between the years 1919-1938 a stronger plant was born by American drug companies it was called Cannabis Americana. Marijuana now being a, drug soon became popular among musicians who maintained that smoking gave them the inspiration they needed to play there music. Others began to lease addicted to marijuana, it spread world wide to major cities such as Chicago, New York, Paris, and London. Marijuana effects two main parts of the human body, the cardiovascular and the central nervous systems. Low doses of marijuana consists of a sense of well being and drowsiness/relaxation. As the doses increase other effects tend to screw in, altered sense of time and sensory awareness, difficulty in memory such as remember last movements. Conversations are cut and thoughts are partial and exaggerated laughter also take place when doses are increased. At much higher to extreme doses, paranoia, hallucinations, panic attacks and delusions occur. When the cardiovascular system is affected it does maltreat to the body such as increased tenderheartedness rate and dilation of eye blood vessels. Marijuana smoking has been proven to raise the risk of heart attacks. Difficulty in body movement and coordination is also a long term effect also pains in the chest is.

A Comparison of Things Fall Apart and Julius Caesar Essays -- comparis

Comparing Things Fall Apart and Julius Caesar Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare are two very different books that are interrelated through their sympathetic themes and characters. There are characters from both stories that can connect to one another through their common motives and characteristics. Many of the main themes and ele workforcets of the stories are similar including a tragic ending and themes of betrayal, honor, and conflict. However, there are differences between the characters and themes from the two books as well. In Things fall apart, Okonkwo would resemble Caesar most because they were both men of laid-back titles with success in war and battle. Okonkwo was a well accomplished soldier known for the umpteen heads that he had severed off enemies during tribal conflicts. Casesar was one of the superlative generals of all time bringing Rome to its peak height of power. Both men did not fear death but meet de ath abruptly. fifty-fifty though they were very similar, Caesar was killed by an assassination, while Okonkwo commits suicide. Mr. Kiaga, the translator and negotiator for the Christian missionary can be matched most easily to Antony. Both men had vast oratory skills which they put to good use. Kiaga used his skills to convert and had won many converts to the new faith. Antony used his oratory skills to convince the crowd at Caesars funeral that Brutus and the conspirators had killed Caesar unjustly. Both men had very loyal qualities. Antony was loyal to Caesar and wanted to avenge Caesars death. Mr Kiaga was loyal to the church and Mr Brown, the priest and head of the missionary. Even though they are similar in many ways, they have differe... ...ad done nothing at all and Brutus killed him because he believed that the general would change into a tyrannical ruler. Caesars ambition could have destroyed Rome if it wasnt for the solemn actions of Brutus. Even though these two books may seem very different, they also share many similarities. Though they are not related through their plots, they unimpeachably share some very important themes and resemblance of characters. Through these similarities, two different stories in completely different time frames and locations can be brought unitedly in many instances. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. 1958. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, Expanded Edition, Vol. 1. Ed. Maynard Mack. London Norton, 1995. Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. Ed. Alan Durband. London Hutchinson & Co. Publishers Ltd., 1984.

Educational Philosophy Statement Essay -- Education Teaching Progressi

Educational PhilosophyThere live been many philosophies passed down through the years by many great educators. Views and opinions that have varied from private to individual. Some ideas were widely accepted and others were not. I feel that it is important for every educator to obtain their own individual educational philosophy. An individual philosophy is good way to help an educator be lift grounded in what they believe and strive to make that philosophy happen in the classroom. It is a mental picture that should be strongly believed in and in the end have an impact on the people it is aimed for, which is the students. Over the last few years, I have develop a philosophy that I strongly believe in, because it has proven itself to me, and I want to prove it to others. The philosophy I have developed is that education is the distinguish that opens the doors of opportunity and every student needs to understand the opportunities that await them with an education no matter who they may be.First, who are the students? The students are a group of individuals who deficiency knowledge and understanding in particular areas. They are the teachers main focus. In my particular area of concentration, I will be dealings with younger babyren who, because of their lack of knowledge and understanding, have a certain record. According to Rousseau, children have the tendency to be selfish and self-centered. As a teacher, you must number 1 change this selfish nature by educating the student about the concept of sharing and giving to others, and then motivate the student to desire to follow the idea. The nature of students generally is at first to be self oriented, and this attitude can affect the learning process. This attitude of being self-centered can affect ... ...en this causes the child to get frustrated and lose interest in an education. Also, in the elementary classroom there are areas that are of particular importance. These areas would include math, english, s pelling and reading. I feel these areas should get the most concentration. These areas provide critical learning that students will use for the rest of their lives.I feel the areas that I have touched in this paper along with my personal philosophy statement, reflect my views and opinions as a future educator. I have spoke about areas that are of importance to me, and ideas that I feel will make a difference in someones life. As a teacher, I truly want to make a difference and teach students the importance of an education, and the opportunities that are available to them. Education can take people places and I feel more people need to come to this realization.

Educational Philosophy Statement Essay -- Education Teaching Progressi

Educational PhilosophyThere have been many philosophies passed down through the years by many great educators. Views and opinions that have varied from exclusive to individual. Some ideas were widely accepted and others were not. I feel that it is important for both educator to obtain their own individual educational school of thought. An individual philosophy is ingenuous way to help an educator become grounded in what they believe and strive to make that philosophy happen in the classroom. It is a belief that should be potently believed in and in the end have an impact on the people it is aimed for, which is the students. Over the last few years, I have developed a philosophy that I strongly believe in, because it has proven itself to me, and I want to prove it to others. The philosophy I have developed is that education is the key that opens the doors of opportunity and every student needs to understand the opportunities that await them with an education no matter who they ma y be.First, who are the students? The students are a group of individuals who drop knowledge and catch in particular areas. They are the drillers main focus. In my particular area of concentration, I forget be dealing with younger children who, because of their lack of knowledge and understanding, have a certain nature. According to Rousseau, children have the tendency to be ungenerous and self-centered. As a teacher, you must first change this selfish nature by educating the student about the concept of sharing and giving to others, and then motivate the student to desire to follow the idea. The nature of students generally is at first to be self oriented, and this attitude can affect the learning process. This attitude of being self-centered can affect ... ...en this causes the child to progress to forbid and lose interest in an education. Also, in the elementary classroom there are areas that are of particular importance. These areas would include math, english, spelling and reading. I feel these areas should get the most concentration. These areas provide critical learning that students will use for the rest of their lives.I feel the areas that I have touched in this paper on with my personal philosophy statement, reflect my views and opinions as a future educator. I have spoke about areas that are of importance to me, and ideas that I feel will make a difference in someones life. As a teacher, I truly want to make a difference and teach students the importance of an education, and the opportunities that are available to them. Education can take people places and I feel more people need to come to this realization.

All the Wrong Moves Case Essay

Whats the right decision fashioning process for Nutrorim? I think, it is necessary to change elected management for authoritative management. Because Mr. Don nobody takes. It is very democratic, loyal to employees, he tries to listen to all and make the right decision. And his employees do not perceive it. You motive to change his style of management. The democratic leadership style is a very open and collegial style of running a team. Ideas move freely amongst the chemical group and are discussed openly. Everyone is given a seat at the table, and discussion is relatively free-flowing. Some managers adopt democratic leadership to please their subordinates but fail to hook up with the technique in its entirety.They might simply take in all the ideas and end up never implementing them. Disadvantages Employees might take advantage of the situation, The decision making process is very time consuming due to the need for consensus and agreement and this can be risky in the situations when a immobile decision inevitably to be taken. One way, and one way only. That is the nature of the style of the authoritarian leader. Employees must do precisely what they are told to do by the leader, without any questions or creative input.This style of leadership is most often used when a company needs to make a quick decision, or with a bombastic number of workers who are poorly skilled and who need to be controlled. The authoritative style of leadership carries many disadvantages, including a high risk of hostile divisions, deficiency of motivation and absence of new and diverse ideas in a team. But for Don currently need this style of management. From this it can make a quick decision. Or he can in the process of developing the decision to use the democratic style of management, and in the decision is the authoritarian style.

Prison Gangs Essay

In our prison environments, there are m whatever kinds of threats to inmate and officer safety daily. The correctional system in our expanse contains many gangs within the walls and connected to our streets. These baseings, known as Security Threat Groups, are usually ope set outd by race, and are active in our federal Bureau of Prisons and in at least 40 state correctional systems. Inmates are pretty much forced to join their racial group or gang to ensure their personal safety while in prison.In the 1980s and 1990s, inmates were more racially twisted than ever before, and each race in a facility had a leader if not more than one. Inmates isolate themselves from another(prenominal) racial groups. While this was producing more racial tension in the environment, it was similarly producing Security Threat Groups that were getting more organized and skilled at running the drug trade and social environments within the walls of the correctional facilities. Some of these gangs are m ore organized than others are, and produce the most followers.Because of organizational factors and growing numbers of members, the Indo-Aryan Brotherhood, Ku Klux Klan, the and MS-13 have emerged as our biggest security group threats in the American department of corrections system. The Aryan Brotherhood originated in San Quentin in the mid-sixties and was founded by Barry Mills and Tyler Bingham. This group is one of the best known gangs with many crews in our correctional facilities. The Aryan Brotherhood started to protect white inmates from black inmates during the time that the prisons were integrated.The Aryan Brotherhood is primarily located in the s awayhwest and pacific areas of the country and is weakest in the northeastern areas where blacks are the strongest. The creed of the Brotherhood is, I will stand by my brother. My brother will come before all others. My behavior is forfeited should I fail my brother. I will honor my brother in peace and war. Members of the Br otherhood are lifetime members who commit to a billet in, blood out oath. This basically means that in order to get in you must kill an enemy and the only way to get out is to be killed.Most members support the white nationalist model, but crime is the real motivator and support for the group. The group, divided into two crews, operates both in the federal official Bureau of Prisons and at the state level. They operate in a fashion consistent with organized crime. Beginning as a local prison gang, the Aryan Brotherhood have grown into one of the most dangerous gangs in our prisons today, with ties to the Mexican Mafia, and Asian gangs originating in Thailand. These gang ties help fuel their growing narcotics trade.Members are expected to carry out these crimes within the walls and to continue the activities to further the interests of the group upon release. It would also seem that the Aryan Brotherhood has close ties to the non-prison security threat group the Ku Klux Klan due to the doctrinal similarities. The Ku Klux Klan was established by some ex-confederate soldiers in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1866. The groups name came from the Greek word kuklos, meaning group or band, and took the third as a variant of the word clan. The Klan started as a large recreational group and soon turned to intimidating the newly freed African Americans.While ride around at night, the Klan terrorized and sometimes murdered the ones that they were against. The members started to wear a hooded white costume, a disguise that represented the ghosts of the dead Confederates, to avoid being identified and to dash people during their raids. The Klan is the strongest in the South and in the Midwest. Today the KKK has been greatly weakened as their views have become more and more radical. They consider themselves a Christian organization and base their doctrines upon their own reading of the Bible.Their theology is strongly influenced by Christian Reconstructions they hope to reconstru ct the United States along biblical lines and to establish a white-dominated theocracy. While MS-13 is one of our newer gang problems in the United States with MS 13 forming in the Los Angeles area in the mid 1980s this security threat group is one of the biggest problems we face in our communities and correctional facilities today. They grew out of El Salvadorian immigrants that came together forming MS to protect themselves from other Latin gangs already present in Los Angeles. ulterior they aligned with the Mexican Mafia, La Eme, adding the 13 to note the allegiance to them. This gang operates out of 42 states, along with the District of Columbia. In the 1990s, MS-13 came to law enforcements attention as they were targeting violent areas in Hispanic neighborhoods. When law enforcement deported the violent gang members, they took their gang to their home countries such as El Salvador, while spreading their ways into other Central American countries, Mexico, and furthering their fo llowing in the United States.Today they are known for their excessive use of violence and are considered to be the polish off of the worst security threat groups known for their adaptability where law enforcement operations are concerned. The hierarchy is based on status, which is based upon how many acts have been move for the gang. There is no national leaders recognized, instead leadership is based on local leaders. Originally, all members were El Salvadoran nationality however, they currently accept any Hispanic heritage in their ranks.Among the crimes these gangs have been charged with are murder, robbery, stabbings, drive by shootings, assault, sexual assault, rape, and extortion. They have also, been charged with witness tampering and intimidation crimes. bingle of the biggest concerns of law enforcement is that this is one of the fastest growing gangs today. Because of organizational factors and growing numbers of members, the Aryan Brotherhood, Ku Klux Klan, and MS13 hav e emerged as our biggest security group threats in the American corrections system.These groups have different ideologies and methods of operations, but they all have some similarities. These can be the fact that they are all either directly or indirectly affiliated with violence and drug trafficking, or that all believe that their way is the only right way. Law enforcement agencies have their work cut out for them, considering the rate of growth of some security threat groups is large enough in some areas to cause the FBI to raise their threat assessment levels higher, as in the case of MS13.

Justice in “King Lear” Essay

Many themes argon evident in great power Lear, but maybe one of the most prevalent relates to the theme of justice. Shakespeare has developed a tragedy that allows us to see mans decent into chaos. Although Lear is perceived as a man to a greater extent sinned against than sinning (p.62), the treatment of the main characters encourages the reader to reflect on the presence or lack of justice in this world. The characters also qualify in their inclination to view the world from either a fatalistic or moralistic point of view, dep reverseing on their opinions ab out(a) the presence or absence seizure of a higher power. The theme of justice in relation to higher powers can be illustrated from the perspective of King Lear, Gloucester, and Edgar. When reading King Lear, it is helpful to take in the Elizabethan Chain of Being in which nature is viewed as parliamentary law. Rosenblatt (1984) states that there was a belief in an established hierarchy within the universe. Everything had its own telling position beginning with Heaven, the Divine Being, and the stars and planets which are all above. On earth the king is next, then the nobles, on down to the peasantry. Holding the lowest position were the beggars and lunatics and finally, the animals. Interrupting this order is unnatural.King Lears sin was that he disrupted this chain of being by relinquishing his throne. By allowing his daughters and their husbands to rule the kingdom, the natural order of things was disturbed. His notion that he can still be in control after dividing the kingdom is a delusion. According to Elizabethan philosophy, it would seem that this is the beginning of his mistakes and is also the cause of often of the mis endangerment that occurs later on in the play. Chaos rules the unnatural. As well, King Lear makes another devastating mistake which affects his relationship with his daughters by asking them to tell him how very much(prenominal) they love him in order that he may divide his kingdom according to the strength of their love. Cordelia, the youngest daughter, states that she loves her suffer according to her bond (p.4). She is saying that she loves him as much as any child could love a father. On the other hand, Goneril and Reagan easily speak the words that their father wants to hear, rather than the truth. Because Lear is not satisfied with Cordelias response, he turns his back on Cordelia and on her love. By doing this he is destroying the natural family unit and lacks the insight to know this. He unjustly punishes Cordelia by banishing her from the kingdom.He casts out his daughter in an unfatherly fashion, yet is gravely upset by the ingratitude of his other two daughters, Goneril and Reagan. Once again, due to Lears lack of wisdom, he fails to credit the sincerity of Cordelias words. Thus, he puts his relationship with his daughters in jeopardy which results in a constant source of grief for King Lear. King Lear holds firm to his belief that the world is governed by the gods and in justice. Therefore he does not question the will of the gods in letting him suffer from his daughters unkindness, but prays If it be you that stirs these daughters hearts Against their father, fool me not with so much To bear it tamely touch me with noble anger (p.50).Greer (1986) reminds us that Shakespeare uses the word nature often, but seldom with the same meaning. For instance, Lear personifies nature when he calls Cordelia a wretch whom Nature is ashamed/Almost to acknowledge hers (p.9). Here, it seems as though Lear thinks himself to be particularly special and rigorous to nature because he is presumptuous in believing that he can read Natures mind. On the same note, Lear also seems to order his goddess, Nature, as though he is in control. He commands Nature to follow his orders, Hear, Nature, hear dear goddess, hear Suspend thy purpose, if thou didst intend To make this creature prolific (p.29).Therefore, Lear is once again disturbing the order of things by putting himself above the gods. Lear disturbs the Chain of Being, unjustly punishes Cordelia and misinterprets his role in life by assuming himself to be the lord of creation. For these sins he is punished when Goneril and Reagan turn on him and Cordelia dies. Thus, it would seem that justice is served. However, Holloway (1961) suggests that Lear suffers more for his sins than seems reasonable. Holloway sums up this concept as follows the world can be to mankind, and has been to Lear, a rack a scene of suffering reiterated past all probability or reason (p.506). Gloucester plays a parallel role to Lear in the play. He is elderly, greenish and taken in by his children. Again, the natural unit of the family is disturbed for Gloucester has a bastard son who is his downfall. However, unlike Lear, he is not weak and infirm and is more good- natured and brave. Like Lear, Gloucester makes reference to Nature. However, Greer (1986) feels that Gloucester views Nature as neutral and sees it existing only for mans benefitThese late eclipses in the sun and moon foreshadow no good to us. Though the wisdom of nature can reason it thus and thus, yet nature finds itself scourged by the sequent effects (p.15). Rather than load Nature, Gloucester is aware that his problems are a result of his own foolishness. He does not feel that the gods are necessary to explain Edmunds treason or Cornwalls brutality. However, he does make clear his belief that the gods are not interested in the affairs of men As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods. They shovel in us for their sport (p.82). Although it may seem as though he is an atheist, Frye believes otherwise Gloucester is not atheist he postulates gods, divine personalities, and if he replaces them with a apparatus of fate or destiny he couldnt ascribe malice to it. What he feels is that there is some mystery in the horror of whats happened to him that goes beyond the tangible gentle causes (p.111). It is true that Gloucester has been lustful and has fathered an illegitimate son as the consequences. Since this, too, is an unnatural act, it seems justice must be served to restore order. However, to what degree is Gloucester responsible for Edmunds evil behaviour? And was it just that Gloucesters eyes were poked out by Goneril and Reagan? This leaves one wondering whether or not justice was served as Gloucester dies at the end of the play.The punishment would seem to exceed the crime. Edgar is Gloucesters legitimate son who is in danger of losing his right to his inheritance. At first, he is the good and dutiful one. At measure he is gullible and naive when responding to his illegitimate brother Edmund, who tries to take his birth-right. Edgar is the moralist in this play. When he reflects on his own undeserved troubles and the suffering of others, there is a religious tone. He has faith in the gods and their justice, and is quick to give the higher powers the credit for what happens to men. Thus, he says to Gloucester, who believes he has fallen from the edge of a cliff reckon that the clearest gods, who make them honours Of mens impossibilities, have preserved thee (p.96). And thus he points out the justice of the gods in punishing Gloucester by the hand of Edmund The gods are just, and of our pleasant vices Make instruments to plague us (p.119). Edgar believes that there is order in nature. He thinks that there is a natural ebb and flow in human fortunes, meaning that even the worst situation can become better (Greer, 1986). He believes in the Wheel of Fortune and if he is at the bottom of the wheel, his fortune will improve as he moves upward To be the worst, The lowest and most dejected thing of fortune, Stands still in esperance, lives not in fear.The woful change is from the best The worst returns to laughter. Welcome, then, Thou unsubstantial air that I embrace (p.81). However, he comes to realize that this belief is not necessarily so. When he finds h is father blinded, it becomes obvious that this suffering is renewed The worst is not So long as we can say This is the worst (p.82). Greer (1986) comments that it may seem that nature is absent to the fate of any individual. Edgar differs from Gloucester in that he takes a moralistic point of view. Frye suggests that while Gloucester feels that there is some mystery in the horror of whats happened to him that goes beyond the tangible human causesEdgarlooks for human causes and assumes that there are powers above who are reacting to events as they should (p.111).In Edgars case it seems that he has received his just reward. He does not have an easy time when dealing with his brother, Edmund. Yet, it would seem that justice is served as Edgar regains his proper position in the natural order of things. In King Lear, each of the characters discussed have varying interpretations of the importance of the higher powers affecting their fortunes. As well, justice is handed out in different degrees. In the eyes of the characters, Shakespeare succeeds in illustrating the universal conflict that members of society have always had in understanding their fate in this world.

Week busn homework

I had to step back and really think around what was being asked and why. The first question involves increasing U. S sports franchises popularity overseas and the cultural obstacles one essential overcome. The next question deals with making products from these franchises appropriate for international market, and the decision question brings in our government, would placing tariffs on imported products protect our industries.These three questions have multiple ways of being answered it will really depend on the beliefs of the someone answering the question. When you think about U. S sports franchises trying to increase their popularity overseas, you must first understand what the people overseas are looking for and how your sport fits deep down the culture.For this question I will use our version of football, we see that the NFG every year has games in London in order to try and gain mommy popularity with the people, the problem here Is you cant Just have teams go and play the game the people overseas need to understand what is going on during the game. Soccer is already becoming a part of the U. S. So how did that happen, for me I think it was due to parents not wanting their kids to play football for the fear of injury do to the gritty impact nature of the game, It was a cultural change in the way people looked at the violence of football.Now back to my original point I take care many ports and soccer Isnt one of them as I have no clue what Is going on and my Interest isnt there to make me want to look for and find out, and this Is the problem the NFG has overseas people have traditions set when It comes to soccer and rivalries already exist and these are two cultural factors a U. S. Franchise must overcome, not to mention must people overseas dont Like the fact that we decided to call our sport football as the foot Isnt nearly the biggest side of the game.

Analysis of Current Accounting System Essay

1. Terms of reference1.1.1 This report has been nominated to cover the requirements of the learning and assessment domain Principles of Internal Control and Evaluating accounting dodge remains dodgings at Level 4 of the Association of Accounting Technicians (AAT) Diploma in Accounting qualification. 1.1.2 This report grades an evaluation of the Accounting corpse of the Ink rise up Limited. 1.1.3 The main resolve of the report isTo evaluate the write up carcass and procedures that ar currently in place at IWL To identify weaknesses indoors the system, raise possible improvements and execute recommendations for improvement. To analyse costbenefit for suggested improvements.2. Executive summary3. Methodology3.1.1 This report has been prepargond using information provided by AAT case show text and study materials from Home Learning College. 3.1.2 Research for the recommendations has been made using inter wage. A list of websites used lav be found in vermiform appendix 1. 3.1.3 In developing the report support and assistance from my Home Learning College tutor was provided.4. Introduction4.1. Inkwell Ltd (IWL) was formed seven years ago. IWL is the medium-sized club that supplies a complete range of re-manufactured inkjet and laser toner cartridges that are fully compatible with all major printers. Since its launch IWL has grown steadily and now has revenue of over 16 million. The comp each employs around 180 full- succession employees. 4.2. IWL has adopted the functional twist system with three departments i.e. finance, sales and purchases. The BODs comprised of Managing Director, Sales Director and Finance Director is amenable for all decision-making activities in the union. The worry structure chart can be found in Appendix 2. 4.3. The main purpose of be function of the IWL is to catch and process information from other departments in order to prepare statutory and management accounts as well as to determine the price of cartridges the c ompany can pay for in order to achieve required profit margin (management accounting). The Finance Department is also responsible for making sure that inventory levels wager IWLs policy, the companys credit rating is kept strong, management accounts are prepared every month, orders from suppliers are monitored and supplier payments are arranged for.4.2 To make an effective use of the accounting systems and procedures in place the finance department has been divided into two main areas of accounting i.e. financial accounting and management accounting (cost accounting). The area of financial accounting has been further sub-divided into the fractions of general journal and inventory, purchase ledger, salesledger, payroll and personnel selective informationbase. The chart showing the structure of The Accounts Department is provided in Appendix 3. 4.2.1 Sections within the finance department interact and maintain a relationship with other departments. The information flows to general ledger from the sales ledger, purchase ledger and payroll, personnel section and shops.The general ledger provides information to the Company Accountant for the purpose of preparing monthly management accounts and approving supplier payments, to The Finance Director for the purpose of preparing financial relations and to the Sales Director for the purpose of costing IWLs products. The Purchase Ledger section has a direct relationship with the General Ledger and the IWLs suppliers. The Sales Ledger section maintains a close relationship with the sales department as well as with the General Ledger. The payroll department and Personnel Database section is utilisationing closely with shop motorbuss from whom it collects the information to prepare payroll for employees. The department also co-operates with external users such as HMRC in order to comply with statutory requirements. The Costing Section is working closely with The Sales Director.4.3 The objective of financial statement s is to provide information about the financial dumbfound, performance and changes in financial position of an enterprise that is useful to a wide range of users such as suppliers, customers, government agencies or financial institutions in making economic decisions, for instance, whether to grant a loan or to give credit to the company. At the financial year end the Finance Director at IWL prepares the following financial statements 4.3.1 Income Statement this statement provides information about the financial performance of the company in terms of revenue from sales, costs and expenses incurred to generate the profit. It also provides information about gross and net profit generated for past financial periods.It is also referred to as the Profit and Loss Account. 4.3.2 Statement of monetary Position this statement shows the financial position of the company at the end of each financial year. It provides the information about the companys assets, liabilities and the equity claim of its shareholders. It is also referred to as the Balance Sheet. 4.3.3 The Statement of Cash fall down this statement provides a link between the Income Statement and Statement of monetary Position as at the year end of theprevious and current financial years. Its main purpose is to reconcile liquid funds to profit by providing an analysis of cash inflows and outflows from direct, investing and financing activities.4.4 A stakeholder is an entity that can be touch by the results of a company in which they are said to be stakeholders, i.e. that in which they shit a stake. The critical external stakeholders for IWL have been identified as follows 4.4.1 The financial institutions- IWL has a strong relationship with its bank. Through producing a series of convincing annual business plans, the company directors have been able to raise fitting finance to grow IWL into a significant player in the cartridge supplies sector. Without this co-operation it would be much harder to expand t he Company to its current position. They are IWLs stakeholders because they contribute money to The Business and they would be strickleed in case The Company becomes insolvent. 4.4.2 Customers- the IWL has a base of around 120 large trade customers.These customers account for 20% of IWLs revenue. It is imperative to maintain good relationship with customers in order to remain competitive and have high customer satisfaction level. Customers are reason as stakeholders because the companys actions can affect their financial position. 4.4.3 Government- The government is interested in businesses as they set out the prescripts and need the businesses to do well to keep the economy healthy. Economic policies introduced by The Government through evaluateation, and the ability of The Government to influence interest rates, impact on the business through prices and costs. The company needs to make sure that it is paying the right amount of tax and VAT and that it complies with all govern ments policies and accounting standards.4.5 IWL is the medium-sized, centralized, manufacturing company operating nationwide. For a small sole trader or partnership type organisation, like off-licence shop, there are likely to be few transactions to process. As a result the basic single entry record system, with detailed cash book, would approximately likely be used. A simple structure where the proprietor or partners make all the decisions related to the business would also be adopted. However, the single entry system insufficiencys controls necessary to verify the true statement of the postings and wherefore would non be practical in circumstances where a highvolume of business transactions had to be processed. Medium and large sized companies will more or less likely use more sophisticated, double entry bookkeeping system. Higher amount of transactions would require more people to operate it and therefore the structure would be more sophisticated too, with either divisional or matrix structure adopted. The IWL uses double entry system.5 Analysis of the Current Accounting System5.1 The main external regulations the IWL has to comply with has been identified as 5.1.1 The Company Law- compulsory legislation that governs the formation and registration of limited companies. It sets out the responsibilities of companies, their directors and secretaries and also determines the requirements relating to the preparation of Financial Statements of a company. It is legally binding on all limited companies in UK. In case of any changes in The Company LAW, round planning may be required to ensure compliance which will affect The IWLs cash flow and availability of resources i.e. mental faculty released for raising. 5.1.2 The Pay As You Earn (PAYE) Regulations- this regulation apply when a business organisation employs unmarrieds and sets out the requirements for deducting PAYE income tax and National Insurance Contributions (NICs) from payments made to employe es. The regulation also stipulates rules for sending PAYE income tax and employees NICs to HMRC and identify the forms and returns that must be kept and submitted when administering the scheme. Any changes to the regulations i.e. change of the company tax rate or the National Insurance Contribution (NIC) has a direct effect on IWL because these are statutory requirements and The BODs need to make sure the provides are appropriately learn and that they comply with the regulations. This may require unassailable cash outlay as well as additional labour to provide cover for absent staff so these sorts of changes may significantly affect the Companys finances.Accounting Standards-these are the regulations and codes of practice which have been developed to try to reduce the number of different interpretations and treatments used by accountants in preparing and presenting the Financial Statements for limited companies. This regulation have a direct impact on the companys actions, as IWL is a limited company and have to prepare Financial Statements each year. TheFinance Director, being ACCA qualified, is applying accounting standards while preparing the financial statements. Changes made to the standards may require the Finance Director to undertake additional training which again will affect the companys finances and the availability of staff. 5.1.4 The Data Protection Act 1998- the act lays down the principles by which the personal info should be managed by data controllers. Business organisations that keep personal data in respect of living and identifiable person are data controllers. The IWL has Payroll and Database section in the Accounts Department therefore is obliged to comply with the regulation. Only authorised pieces of staff are to use IWLs computers. In case of any changes in the Data Protection Act 1998, the Company may be required to, for example, purchase new safe for keeping the records in safe and ensure way or to purchase new database softwar e to meet the requirements of the regulation as well as train staff and review and implement changes in companys policies.5.2 Fraud is an intentional act by management or employees in order to obtain an unfair or illegal advantage. The most common causes of fraud in a business can be identified as a lack of operational internal control procedures within the business, lack of internal anti-fraud controls, especially risk management, as well as a lack of internal audit. In order to improve fraud and stealth detection, the BODs needs to on a regular basis review companys fraud policies and procedures to ensure that they effectively reduce risk, improve processes and are in compliance with prevailing laws and regulations. This involves identifying the companys specific fraud risks and then developing and implementing controls, procedures and operational changes to mitigate those risks. 5.3 The most common types of fraud can be identified as the larceny of assets and corruption. The ef fects of the fraud activities can devastate the company in various ways, for instance, financial loss, external confidence, company morale or increased audit costs.Theft- this is in all probability the most common method of fraud, usually carried out because staff are presented with opportunities due to lack of physical controls and little or no segregation of duties with individual fellow members of staff being given too much personal control over procedures. Impact of the theft can be fairly easy quantified. If, forexample, the manager overstates the hours worked by an employee, these can be easily calculated by multiplying the rate per hour by hours worked. In fact this is stealing the companys time and subsequently money. There is a high risk of such an activity occurring within IWL shops as the company has no procedure in place for sales, storage warehouse or administrative staff to sing in or out when they arrive or leave work. This type of fraud often happens without knowl edge of the management. 5.3.2 Corruption- this form of fraud usually involves a dishonest member of staff working in collusion with others to commit acts of fraud. The example of such an activity is changing trim terms and conditions after it have been awarded in favour of the supplier. There is a great possibility of this type of fraud occurring in the IWLs due to lack of internal control procedures for purchasing inventory. This results in loses to the company because, the company is paying more for the product therefore reducing the Companys revenue.5.4 The accounting system can support internal control by means of setting the standards and using of control systems. 5.4.1 Standards waive the organisation to define its expectation of how things should be achieved. They allow the management to monitor the performance of the employees. These standards can be based on what the organisation expects from the staff, for example, implementing of companys procedures. The organisation wi ll generally outline to the staff what it expects in relation to performance levels, like cost of ensuring work is carried out effectively and that the deadlines are met, as well as in relation to the faulting allowance. Standards should be set in relation to the organisations objectives and goals. A tool commonly used for the purpose of measuring performance is that of standard costing. A main feature of standard costing is variance analysis, where differences between budgeted and actual figures are monitored. This allows the organisation to identify where changes may be required. 5.4.2 Use of control in systems is aimed at ensuring that the plans of organisation are being met. Deviations found by the control monitors should be investigated and if they negatively affect organisation then sort outive action should be taken. An internal control system includes all the policies and procedures adopted by the organisation to achieve the objectives of Effective conduct of the business, Implementation of internal policies and procedures,Safeguarding the assets of the organisation,Detecting and preventing incidences of fraud and flaw,The accuracy and completeness of the financial records,The timely preparation of reliable financial information.Regardless of the size of the organisation the accounting system must be reliable, cost effective and capable of being used effectively by the person(s) operating it. An accounting system of the IWL is a collection of computerized and manual accounting processes, procedures and controls created to collect, record, classify, summarize and interpret financial data for decision making by management. The record keeping systems of IWL meet organisations requirements for financial information. The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threads (SWOT) analysis has been prepared to identify those areas of the current accounting system that do not operate satisfactory and can be found in appendix 4. The analysis showed that the wor k is going through the correct sequence of events and processes and that there is good segregation of duties within the department. However, there are areas where the systems could be improved. These have been identified as better staff training and entree of audit trail. Better trained staff would become specialised in the area they operate which would enable them to complete tasks more efficiently and effectively and therefore reduce costs. The audit trail would minimise potential for error and would act as a control tool for staff activity.Weaknesses Identified Within The Accounting SystemThe weaknesses that rise potential for error and possible exposure to fraud within The Accounting System of the IWL have been identified as insufficient staff training and lack of audit trail procedures. 6.2 Insufficient staff training caused many problems during the last six months period. There was not enough cover in the sales ledger section when the shop assistant was off sick or on holida y leave which caused accumulation of work that affected other departments as the financial information was not presented in the timely manner. The fact that no one was able to provide cover was evident proof of staff training needs. Another area where problemsoccurred due to lack of training is that of the payroll and database section. The clerk was provided with only one day in-house training of how to operate payroll software and this resulted in mistakes with the staff salaries calculations. This is the example of error that occurred because of the lack of training.Some of them have been underpaid what may result in lower staff morale and de-motivate them which will result in worse productivity or alternatively may give a reason to commit fraud. Work could be delegated to different persons what would also act as an anti-fraudulent control because the person providing cover could spot any unauthorised or suspicious activities and report it to the management. It is recommended that all staff should be sent for training in order to become multi skilled. 6.3 Another weakness identified is the lack of internal audit procedures within the accounts department of the IWL. The impact on the organisation may be significant to the company in terms of money and reputation, should the fraud activities took place. Internal audit has proved to be the most prospering method of detecting fraud. It would be advantageous to any organisationif its internal audit function were able to advise management on identifying and assessing the risks associated with fraud could review and monitor the internal control procedures in place to minimise the risk of fraud and also actively engage in detection of fraud within the accounts function. Internal controls are also successful as means not only of deterring or preventing fraud, but also of exposing acts of fraud. Many of the causes of fraud can be guarded against and, together with analysis of reports and trends and the probe of erro rs and anomalies, fraudulent activities are often expose.The typical measures introduced in practice to help deter and prevent fraud has been identified as Educating staff and raising sentiency of the possible types of fraud and the likely impact of fraud on the organisation and its stakeholders. Whilst there is a belief that that such education could not only horrify staff to types of fraud but could also encourage staff to indulge in fraudulent activities, research shows that money spent on educating staff and promoting staff awareness does in fact deter fraud and in the long run benefits outweigh costs. 6.4.2 Monitoring performance and making sure that accounting procedures are being followed. One member of staff, for instance accounting technician when his review and recommendation process iscompleted, could be delegated to perform this task with all the discrepancies and suspicious activities reported to the management and appropriate action taken to mitigate risks. 6.5 The c ompany can support individuals who operate accounting systems using training, manuals and scripted information and help menus. 6.5.1 Training- well trained staffs operate their accountancy systems more effectively than the untrained staffs. A review of the training needs of the company and its accounting staff has been undertaken, these have been identified as follows General ledger and inventory clerk- appropriate training in the work of the Sales Clerk would relieve pressure from the Sales clerk who has no accounting or credit control qualification and who has a heavy workload during busy periods. 6.5.1.2 Purchase ledger clerk- this member of staff is already familiar with the work of the sales ledger section and an update of skills in this area is worth considering.The Purchase Ledger clerk is part AAT qualified and expressed an interest in studying for intermediate level 3 exams. 6.5.1.3 Sales ledger clerk and credit controller- this staff member has experience of the purchase l edger having worked as a Purchase Ledger Clerk before joining IWL. Some further training in this area would give a greater degree of flexibility. The clerk has expressed an interest in professional accountancy training and this should be encouraged. 6.5.1.4 Payroll and Personnel Database clerk- this staff member is working on a latterly installed system has a heavy workload and is in need of additional training. Further training by a company who sold IWL new system is recommended. The clerk has an accounting qualification but further training should be discussed. 6.5.1.5 Costing technician- this is the only member of staff that has the experience to operate costing system. This member of staff shows reluctance to gain accounting qualification. The issue needs to be resolved to the benefit of the company.6.5.2 Manuals are files containing documents which provide the user with detailed information relating to procedures and operating activities. An example of the manual is handbook c reated by the Finance Director of the IWL relating to the IT systems. 6.5.3 Help menus- are aimed at providing assistance to the system user by allowing them to query items pertinent to their effective use of the system. It provides the information on how to usethe software in the correct manner. Sage payroll has such a facility in place. 6.5.4 written information- the example may be company policy handbook issued by the Finance Director. 6.6 Every member of accounting staff is required to comply with statutory and organisational requirements. The types of controls that can be put in place to ensure compliance may include data security controls and administrative controls. 6.6.1 Data security controls are put in place to ensure that the organisations data files are not subject to unauthorised access, change, disclosure to unauthorised persons, loss, damage or destruction.The IWL has a data security controls in place, however these are not being adhered to properly. It is recommend ed that staff should be informed about requirements of changing the password regularly and that unauthorised person should not be given access to the companys computers. 6.6.2 Administrative controls can be categorised as segregation of duties, written policies and procedures and supervision. Due to lack of staff training, it is not possible to segregate and share duties between workers as they are not multi-skilled. This rise a possibility of error occurring as well as fraudulent manipulation of the system. Written policies are in place however, accountability and responsibility for implementing should be clearly defined. Every member should be informed about the consequences in case the procedures are not followed. Supervision of individuals or groups involved in the processing, checking and use of information within the system is essential. It is recommended that the activities of staff should be controlled by either member of the BODs or the Company Accountant. 6.7 The potential areas of fraud arising from lack of control within the accounting system have been identified as inventory control section and the purchase ledger section. Inventory control system would benefit from acquiring the Purchase Order touch on module which would improve the accuracy and reliability of the inventory control and would minimise risk of fraud. The Purchase Ledger section need more supervision as the Purchase Manager seems to be the most unreliable and suspicious person.

Zydeco

Jamarcus Burks October 15, 2012 A fiddle, accordion, guitar, and a washboard are any you need to create the sweet sound of Zydeco. Zydeco medical specialty is a mixture of Blues or Jazz medicament with an upbeat tempo. Zydeco music has grown with my family. It is like a china dish your great grandma passes down. The music is unique from the message it sends to the crazy two stepping dance that goes along with it. Zydeco music plays a significant role in my life. The first time I heard Zydeco music, I thought it sounded like someone kicking the side of a trash can mixed with a horrible marching band.I was astir(predicate) seven years old, but I remember it like it happened yesterday. My family was eating dinner at my Grandmothers house and I had recently move back to Waco, Texas with my dad. I could remember asking, What is that noise? It took me three years to understand what Zydeco truly means, but I took no time to learn the two-step dancing. I listened to Zydeco at a young age, not knowing I did not understand the meaning behind the music, or the important role it played in my life.To me, Zydeco is more than music it is a way of life. I have listened to Zydeco music through good and bad times throughout my life. My family plays Zydeco music at family gatherings and genial events such as holidays, trail rides, birthdays, baby showers, and even funerals. No point where we would be, we would listen and dance like there was no tomorrow. For as long as I can remember, my family has been playing Zydeco music at funerals. Some people may think it is disrespectful, but it is a family tradition.The reason we play Zydeco at all of our gatherings, is because growing up we were taught to always look at the positive aspects of life. So when a death occurs in the family, we listen to Zydeco and it reminds us that our loved one pull up stakes always be with the family, but in a better place. Listening to Zydeco gives me a warm and grateful tactile propertying in side. It comforts me to know that no matter what the situation is, there is always a reason to smile. There are several(predicate) styles of Zydeco such as Zydeco Jazz, Zydeco Blues, and the most popular is Button Box.Zydeco artists send different messages through their songs. tidingsgs have different messages like celebrating being in love, and the trials and tribulations a person goes through every day. Every generation has one Zydeco artist whose music they grow up dancing and listening to. Artists send positive messages about life or simply having a good time. Over the years, one of the briny messages Zydeco artists send to fans is to be thankful for being alive. Older Zydeco music focuses on being alive, but Ive learned that it has developed over time.However, I feel that there is always a Zydeco song to make me feel better. I believed Zydeco music could impact my life in ways it has. It has always been part of my family and that pull up stakes continue for decades. That swe et sound transformed me the first time I heard it. However, the song that I always turn to is Tu Le Ton Son Ton by Andre Thierry & Zydeco. Andre Thierrys song reminds me to keep doing my best throughout the week, and that the weekend is near. I learned over the years what Zydeco truly means and how my family expects me to give tongue to on the tradition with my children.

A Sense of Belonging Essay

common sense of belonging is a earmark that nobody should miss It provides students with the opportunity to examine different write models and techniques plot of land raising their awareness of different issues such as racial discrimination and racial abuse. Many of my friends free-base it interesting to read and could not stop reading the whole intelligence although we were told to finish only tetrad stories and only stopped flipping and reading till the last pageI personally find the book worth a read and would like to recommend it to all the secondary 3 and 4 students. Stories in the book include a sense of belonging and The Test which are about racial differences and a lady that was genuinely mindful of her race. It does not merely elaborate on racial discrimination which set up be very common but also tells us to be more sensitive towards separate concourse and to be aware of our actions, as our words have the ability to hurt others.This is especially applicable to s tudents of our age as we often meet friends of different races in school, and it reminds us that we should be considerate to others The limits of trooghaft highlights the operate of animals as humans are being tough the air we treat animals during the period of time we rule the world. It serves as a reminder for us to put ourselves in others shoes and also consider the feature that animals have feelings and should not be abused like the way many are being treated now because animals have their own rights.This is a relatively central value in life that people need to constantly reinforce, so that we do not end up treating other people the way we do not want them to treat us. a sound of thunder talks about vitiated mistakes leading to dire consequences and reminds us not to neglect the small details in life, because they can be important as well. After reading the book I personally found these four stories very inspiring and interesting.They allowed me to understand more about the common issues and problems faced, while learning moral values and reflecting on my daily life as we can easily relate to some of the stories in the book The important messages and lessons I learnt were invaluable to me and will accompany me for the rest of my life. Therefore I would strongly recommend this book to all upper secondary students as it can help them approach then own writing with more confidence and understanding, while teaching them life values at the same time.

Analysis of John Howard Griffin’s “Black Like Me” Essay

John Howard griffons inquiry should undeniably be considered sociological. He began with a theory, if he became gruesome he could do realise the difficulties between races as both(prenominal) a white military personnel and a black man in the south and with this knowledge contrive a means to bridge the gap. With this information he developed a micro-theory, trying to explain a limited part of human behavior why is at that place hate among blacks and whites? He collected his selective information in a process of explanatory search. He needed to test his theory in lay out to elaborate existing explanations. He gathered all his data and went with all research methods in the hopes of explaining his theory. He followed the research process developed a question, took into vizor what would be needed to answer the question, refractory how to get this and conducted it as ethical as a black-white southerner could. He used a meta-analysis in examining the information. griffin improv ed the description of the relationship while developing explanations for the cause of such(prenominal) activity and aimed to advance research in this area by gathering new knowledge. Finally, when he gathered all his information he released it to the mass media. Although it takes the form of a journal it should still be considered sociological research. The journal method is, in fact, beneficial. Instead of conducting a cross sectional form of research in which information is gathered at one particular time, Griffin, using the diary, conducted a longitudinal study. With such a study change flock be set and a broader concord allow for develop in the hopes of answering the research question. Of unmannerly when such a research method as a diary is used questions arise as to its validity and reliability.It dirty dog be assumed that the reliability of Griffins work is quite substantial. He had an insider perspective due to his covert observation and participant observation. His inf ormation was derived from a large population crossways more than one state, while still focusing on the southern parts of America. entirely the souls mentioned in the diary shared the same belief whites were limiting the black potential. Then it must be asked whether the diary was biased or not. Since it was, in reality, a diary, the information published could be selective. This then questions the validity of theresearch. at that place is no doubt that Griffin had opinions on the topic before it was investigated. However, the research was resemblingwise very generalizable. This should help to alleviate many of the doubts towards the ethics of the means of research. Since human behavior is very complex it is difficult to pock down the independent variable. All doubts on validity aside, the research was conducted in a method of sociological nature. It was a combination of participant observation, covert observation and unstructured interviews.For example, Griffin had conversa tions at the YMCA with former(a) black men, or on the bus between impertinently Orleans and Mississippi. These werent get dressede with an outlined set of questions they were conducted by way of one oppressed African-American to another. In conducting his research in such an unobtrusive manner Griffin helped the media identify the setting, the human and social environment, their activities and behaviors, and non-verbal communication. In this method Griffin wasnt feel to prove causality, rather looking to support his argument in hope for change. With all this taken into notice it can be summarized that Griffin followed the research process and used sociological methods.Norms are generally delimit as an aspect in society in which an expected behavior binds a certain company of people. However, norms can be applied to many different areas. It can mean placing a set measuring for achievement on a certain communal grouping ground on the accomplishments of the average person from that grouping. It can also mean a characteristic that is representative of a social group. Or norms can be considered a common practice, belief or custom . However when dealing with norms it must be understood that they apply differently depending on the context of the situation. Much like social norms vary from good norms. Social norms were the pre overriding force Griffin encountered throughout his research. Although legal norms played a particular part, psyche was based on the structures of mutual belief, not necessarily judicial.For example, the whites of the southern United States were holding the assumption that the blacks were innerly demented and intellectually impaired (Griffin, 1962 p. 114). The southern white majority assumed that African-Americans were so open sometheir sex lives that they even per organize activities in the streets and in front of children. They also believed that the blacks wanted white woman sexually and that due to their lack of education all th ey knew was their natural instinct to reproduce. They assumed this behavior to be germane(predicate) to all African-American men. As Griffin tries to explain, he can find no inferiority amongst the blacks These characteristics dont spring from whiteness or blackness, but from a mans conditioning (Griffin, 1962 p. 92). function taking is a critical part of fostering any sober understanding of a relevant society. It involves looking at things from a different viewpoint. This assists us in understanding how different groups perceive us. We yield to know what we look like through others look. In mark to achieve this we must first understand their mind frame. John Howard Griffin goes through great lengths to achieve this. He understands that it is practically impossible for him to in full comprehend what life is like for a black man, while be a white man in the southern United States. Thus he undergoes pigment therapy that rede alrights his life. Griffin darkens his skin in order to appear as though he were a black American, in the hopes to achieve an unbiased account of African-American life in the deep south. By infiltrating the seemingly distinct society and adapting to the practices of that society Griffin has undergone role taking. When in New Orleans, Griffins first area of research as a black southerner, he quickly learns of the limitations enforced only by the fact that his skin color was different. By becoming the minority studied, Griffin was not only able to study, first hand, the accounts of racism, but he was also able to emotionally attach himself to the African-American society.Alienation is the separation between parts or the hearty of the personality and significant aspects of the world of experience. This term can have many meanings depending on the situation and for whom it is intended. In terms of Griffins book, alienation was the physical segregation and the emotional feeling of inequality and incommensurate opportunities based on skin color. Alienation was evident throughout Griffins experiences. Separate wait rooms at bus stations, separate washrooms and fountains, isolated livingareas, the inability to purchase food and drinks at certain stores, the inability to rest in certain areas, unequal job and education abilities, all formed the feeling of alienation. (Griffin, 1962 p. 92) Griffin realized that this division, both physical and emotional would have to be over bang in order to attain a greater appreciation as a race.Griffin and many blacks similarly thought education was the key to destroying the norm of alienation. Equal job opportunities Thats the answer to much of the catastrophe of our young people (Griffin, 1962 p. 44). According to Griffin there were two problems that caused this alienation and lack of motivation to change, they were the difference against the Negro and his discrimination against himself (Griffin, 1962 p. 45). According to Griffin then, it was not only the fault of the whites th at the blacks were in the situation they were, it was partially the fault of the blacks as well.Stereotypes are formed when the characteristics of a certain group of people are based on the generalized characteristics of a few. They are most often used to simplify that which we have barrier understanding, in order to make it more predictable. As W.I. Thomas taught, what we believe to be true will be true in its consequences. Throughout history racial stereotypes have always existed. Perhaps, though, the most dominant stereotypes have been placed against African-Americans. They have been thought of as uneducated, immature, unmotivated, criminal, violent and sexual predators. However, as Griffin points out, the sins the whites ordinate are the same as the blacks. Except for the fact that blacks are deprived of the pleasures of the spirits. They feel like a lesser person so in order to acquire that feeling of accomplishment and humanity they engage in such activities (Griffin, 1962. p. 91-93).After all, it is the white man who, all through the book, is intrigued by the sexual natures of the black race. It is the whites who hire black prostitutes and it is the whites who violently punish the blacks. Not only are the stereotypes revealed, they are identified as completely illegitimate. In one instance on a bus in New Orleans Griffin attempted to offer an elderly lady a seat by indicating with his eyes that there was an empty one beside him. He thought she would be sympathetic, however she disrespectfully replied, Whatre you looking at me like that for? Implying that there were sexual desires instead of kindness behind his offering(Griffin, 1962 p 25).Reductionism in sociological research places limits on what can be considered as causes when attempting to explain a range of human behavior. Griffin may have been affected by reductionism due to the fact that he was writing a sociological paper. As a result he may have focused on such limited topics as norms, stereo types and alienation. An economist, however, may have looked at the economic prosperity in the south compared to other parts to explain the racial tensions. Perhaps even the government would be to blame for enforcing racism through propaganda and unequal laws. A biological reductionism would be trying to reduce the problem down to the genes of the human being or as a revolutionary process. In order to achieve a full understanding of the situation, all accounts should be measured, not only those which apply to a specific field. Therefore, the validity and reliability of the research can be questioned.For example, in Griffins book, he focuses only on the stereotypes of society, not where they come from. He doesnt attempt to answer why whites feel hatred towards the blacks, only that it exists. Perhaps the fundamental problem is purely situational. The south is known for its farms and small communities, but does this problem exist in the big cities throughout North America? And if it doesnt, why not? If it doesnt exist than it is strictly environmental. Griffin mentions that there are those people who are not actually racist, but they fear showing any sympathy towards another race. What causes this fear? There must be some form of pressure from somewhere that causes this racism. All these questions must be answered in order to truly define the problems between African-Americans and Caucasians. Griffin did a fine job in writing the introduction to racism, however he left the body blank.

Policy of Containment Essay

Americans believe that if Franklin D. Roosevelt would have lived semipermanent, that he would have been fit to stem the tide of tensions betwixt the Soviet magnetic north and the United States. His successor lacked greatly the Talent of FDR. The novel president, who was more comfortable with machine politicians than with polished New Dealers, liked to talk tough and act defiantly. Truman complained that the U.S. Negotiations had been a whiz way street just ten days after he took office. He so vowed to not baby the Soviet no longer.A crisis in the Mediterranean prompted professorship Truman to show his colors. On February 21, 1947, amid a civil war in Greece, Great Britain informed the U.S. State Department that it could no longer afford to prop up the anti-Communist government there and announced its intention to withdraw every told assistant. Truman concluded, Greece, Turkey, and perhaps the entire oil-rich Middle East would fall under Soviet control, without U.S. Interve ntion.On March 12, 1947, the President made his argument before Congress in bold terms At the present moment in sphere history, nearly every nation must choose between alternative ship canal of life One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished be free institutionsand exemption from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly obligate on the majority And the suppression of personal freedoms. Never mentioning the Soviet Union by name, he appealed for full-scale resistance to a certain ideology wherever it appeared in the world. The preservation of peace and the freedom of all Americans depended, the president insisted, on containing communism.Congress approved a $400 million appropriation in upkeep for Greece and Turkey, which helped the monarchy and right-wing war machine crush the rebel movement. Trumans victory buoyed his favouriteity for the upcoming 1948 election. It also helped to generate popu lar support for a campaign against communism, both at home and abroad.The significance of what became kn avow as the Truman precept far outlastedthe events in the Mediterranean the United States had declared its right to intervene to save separate nations from communism. As early as February 1946, foreign-policy adviser George F. Kennan had sent an 8,000-word long telegram to the State Department press that Soviet fanaticism made cooperation impossible. The USSR intended to extend its realm not by military means alone, he explained, only by subversion within free nations. The Truman Doctrine described the differences between the United States and the Soviet Union as absolute and irreconcilable, as an ideological breach that resonated far beyond foreign policy. It was now the responsibility of the United States, Truman insisted to safeguard the Free World by diplomatic, economic, and, if necessary, military means. He had, in sum, fused anti communism and internationalism into an aggressive foreign policy.The Truman Doctrine complemented the European recuperation Program, commonly known as the Marshall political platform. On June 5, 1947 the programme was introduced in a commencement bringing at Harvard University by secretary of state and former army chief of staff George C. Marshall. The plan sought-after(a) to reduce hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos and to restore the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole. Although Marshall added that our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine, the plan that bore his name additionally aimed to turn back both socialist and Communist electoral bids for power in northern and western Europe while promoting democracy through an economic renewal.The about successful postwar U.S. Diplomatic venture, the Marshall Plan supplemented the Bretton Woods agreements by further improving the mode for a viable capitalist economy, in western Eur ope and in effect bringing recipients of aid into a bilateral agreement with the United States. Western Europe nations, seventeen in all, ratified the normal Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which reduced commercial barriers among member nations and opened all to U.S. Trade and investment. The plan was costly to Americans, in its initial year taking 12 percent of the federal budget, but effective. Industrial production in the European nations covered by the plan rose bycc percent between 1947 and 1952. Although deflationary programs cut wages and increased unemployment, profits soared and the standard of living improved. Supplemented by a multimedia propaganda campaign, the Marshall Plan introduced many Europeans to American consumer goods and lifestyles.The Marshall Plan drove a deeper wedge between the United States and the Soviet Union. Stalin was invited to participate but he denounced the plan for what it was, an American evasion to rebuild Germany and to incorporate it into and anti-Soviet bloc that encompassed all western Europe. The president readily acknowledged that the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine were two halves of the same walnut.The policy of containment depended on the ability of the United States to back up its commitments through military means, and Truman invested his faith in the U.S. Monopoly of atomic weapons. The U.S began to build atomic stockpiles and to conduct tests on the two-piece suit Islands in the Pacific. By 1950, as a scientific adviser observed, the U.S. Has a stockpile capable of clean more than reproducing World War II in a single day.The U.S. Military analysts estimated it would take the Soviet Union three to ten years to produce an atomic bomb. In August 1949, the Soviet Union proved them wrong by testing its own atomic bomb. There is only one thing worse than one nation having the atomic bomb, Noble prize-winning scientist Harold C. Urey said, thats two nations having it.The United States and Soviet Uni on were now firmly locked into the Cold War. The nuclear arms race imperiled their futures, entertained their economies, and fostered fears of impending doom. Prospects for global peace had dissipated, and despite the Allied victory in World War II, the world had again divided into hostile camps.

Opression of African Americans Essay

In the documentary Ethnic Notions directed by Marlon Riggs, illustrates the burdensomeness African Americans have approach during the time of slavery up until the present day. The same urinates of oppression disastrouss faced during slavery is the same type of oppression they faced like a shot, decades after slavery was abolished. These forms of oppression still seen nowadays are evidence that America has non made very little progress in eliminating the inequalities among the etiolated and grislyamooramoor Americans. The documentary drops different extravaganzas to portray African Americans in the wrong light.These characters were suppose to show the modal value black multitude looked, and behaved unconstipated though n adept of these characters actu anyy depicted the way black deal truly looked or acted. Even though the video focused human beingly on the way African Americans are perceived by society, it focused on an even bigger issue the main pane of the document ary was to provide evidence that African Americans were better off left in captivity during the multiplication of slavery. Riggs begins the documentary by displaying the images of black caricatures that was introduced during the slavery time period, and explaining how those same caricatures have been seen around the world.Even today those same black caricatures can be seen in populate roots, including in the homes of many African Americans. The people portrayed in these characters are all extremely dark with king-sized lips, and very unappealing. Those cartoon caricatures do non in any shape or form bear a resemblance to what black people actually look like. All African Americans do not look exactly the same, hardly none of them are truly as dark as the caricatures and their lips are not as large and abnormally shaped as seen on the caricatures.Even though black people do not look like these cartoon characters, people still see those old images as a office of all black people, as if they can not possibly see them looking any different, as if they were meant to look like anything else. The same concept of characterizing a single group of individuals can be find in the video The Danger of a Single Story. In this video story teller Chimamanda Adichie discusses her experiences as a writer, who further wrote about British and black-and-blue American people because that was all she knew.She was unaware of people that looked like existed her because she only ever read books about white people so that was all she knew. because when she moved to America, she experienced the danger of a single story before anyone got to know they already mat sorry for her and had expected her to act in a certain way. However they were surprised to learn that her life story was nothing like the single story they heard about her and all other Africans. Unlike what they expected, Adichie did not live in p everywherety and she could read and write, and speak English.After arrivi ng in America, Adichie began to rightfully understand the heart of the dangers of a single story. Instead of her perishting maddened, she was able to understand why they thought the way they did because undecomposed like them she too had developed a single story about a group of people. She tacit that if people are only seeing the same images of a group of people over and over again, whether its through the media or my word of mouth that eventually that group of people will stimulate what the media writes about them.After showing the images of black people, Riggs further explains the different roles of each of the caricatures. Some of these caricatures and images were during the time of slavery, bit others were during the period when slavery had ended. The Mammy caricature was a mother who served the white people. She was portrayed as a plump down, unattractive woman who loyally served her white master and his family. She did not complain and she appeared to always be pros perous, until she went home to her own family. In her own family she was viewed as the controller of males and one who angrily punished her children.The Mammy caricature was nothing like the real mammy, who was actually very pretty and attractive. She was only depicted as fat and ugly, so the she would not appear to be a threat to the white women who at that time was the only females thought of as beautiful. Just like the Mammy caricature, the Uncle Tom caricature was also perceived as a person who enjoyed working for the white people. He was always seen smiling while playing with the white children, and so helpful to his master. The Mammy and Uncle Tom were never revealed as unhappy people, so people cooked that they were content with being slaves.The Mammy and Uncle Tom figures were not the only people that appeared to be enjoying slavery, but all other slaves seemed to be satisfied with it as well. The images that were being shown all showed the slaves singing and dancing, and smiling but none of those images showed the hardships that slaves faced. Only the positive images were shown to make the outside world believe slavery was okay, and that no harm could watch from having slaves. One dance the slaves danced was called the Jim Crow, it was a dance symbolized the way African Americans felt about segregation.The dance was not meant to be any racist precondition, but yet when the white man came and imitated the dance was when Jim Crow term began a racist statement and when the Jim Crow character was created. A white man named Rice one day so a black man dancing, so he decided to mock this mans dancing. So Rice put black key on his face and white paint around his mouth, so he appeared to be a black man impersonating other black people. The use of black paint became known as black face. Black face became the most popular form of entertainment for people to watch.People thought it was funny to watch a white man pretend to be black. Black face became so pop ular that even black men started participating in black face entertainment. These black men would put black paint on their face even though their faces were already dark, and prance around the stage mimicking their own people. They used black face as a way to make a little extra money since they were not getting teeming from the white people. It was not until after slavery ended that these cartoon caricatures started to represent bad images of black people.No longer did the images show slaves as happy people, but alternatively it depicted African Americans as angry, raging people. Those images were used to conclude that black people were actually better off as slaves, instead of gratis(p) people. The Pickaninny caricature was a representation of the black children. These kids appeared to be savage like by showing them with no shoes on, and the children were eating by alligators. When people saw these images of the children thought the children were like animals that belonged in t he jungle, instead of a part of society.Then there was the Brutal Black Buck caricature that made black people become indentified as brutes. These brutes were savage people who could use any sort of violence to get what they wanted all of people. When different movies were being created, it showed black man looking for a white woman, who was a virgin to raped and abuse. When people kept seeing images like that they started to believe that black people were angry savages savages not meant to fit in with the rest of society. All of these different caricatures were a representation of all black people.Even though these caricatures were nothing like black people, the rest of society believed these caricatures were an accurate representation of black people. They expected all people of color to act the way those cartoon caricatures did. When people see the happy caricatures that existed during slavery, then to watch the brutal caricatures after slavery ended, they begin to wonder if the abolishment of slavery was really necessary. They start to assume African Americans were the happiest during slavery, so why not resort back to that old tradition.

Tire City Case

Tire City, Inc. Analysis As a lender, I would leave no problem giving a loan to Tire City, Inc to help finance their growth for the adjacent reasons. The first thing that is apparent is the annual revenue growth. It is expected to steadily increase by 5% in the coming years. This means that Tire City has strong operating cash flows to fund its day-to-day operations. Additionally, Tire City, Inc has improved in total asset turnover over the years, suggesting that they are indeed exploitation their revenue in proportion to sales. Also, their net margin, gross margin, and return on equity use up stayed constant quantity over the years.It is good that there has been no significant decrease in these ratios. Furthermore, their noteworthy sales growth from 93-97 suggests they are finding ways to bring in more money such as increasing their prices. Another thing to be considered is the blood turnover and payables period. It could be a concern that the inventory turnover period is at a lmost 60 days however, the payables period has been decreasing over the past tense few years, which means that Tire City is able to pay off some of their debt to creditors more frequently.Also, the political partys current ratio has been improving with only a slight drop in 1996. This proves the political party has liquidity and is having no problem generating cash. Plus, it is apparent that the company has more assets than equity as the years remove forward, meaning that they are trying to lower their financial leverage and their level of risk as they stay fresh to grow. All things considered, I would be comfortable loaning funds to Tire City, Inc to finance their growth for it seems they have the resources necessary to pay back this loan in the future.

Agri-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Agri-Business - Essay ExampleThe find success factor of Farmers Haven shall be its freshness and its purity in terms of organic temperament of soil. The company shall brand itself as a high quality food supplier using outflank quality genomes for its produce.The publisher is a detailed business plan that begins with a discussion of companys objectives and mission. The paper identifies the key success factors of the business and goes forth to discuss the companys key trading operations and products, its location geographies and facilities. The paper also discusses a detailed marketing strategy for the company highlighting its locate market and key competitors. Under strategy implementation, the paper brings in the competitive edge for farmers Haven, its marketing strategy, set strategy, sales strategy and strategic alliances. The financial plan is the key to a comprehensive idea more or less the sources of funds and how they shall be utilised in the business processes. The fi nancial summary also presents a pro-forma proportion sheet and income statement presenting forecasts based on estimated figures based on ascertainable assumptions. Through the detailed discussion, the paper aims to provide a complete outlook on the proposed business plan and its viability in the future.Farmers Haven shall be formed with the acquisition of the Knocktim Dairy Cottage and shall be working towards developing the fertile land into a full-fledged farming area producing high quality farm produce including fruits, vegetables, poultry produce and horticulture products. The 3 acre land shall be put to use in its fullest potential by farm managers and the owner who lay down the most extensive knowledge and experience in the farming business.The region of operations is located deep down an area of Scotland that is highly fertile and also attracts a lot of tourists for its natural beauty. The land is to be acquired for farming was primarily engaged in the dairy activities and it shall be strategically divided

Impact of globalization on Indian Capital markets Essay

concern of globalization on Indian Capital markets - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that the stock markets in the growth economies same India account for a significant share of the activities in the global markets. Lowering the barriers relating to the flow of internationalistic capital in the post liberalization period has enhanced the stock market liquidity. Liquidity plays an weighty role in spurring the long term growth opportunities. In the absence of liquidity numerous profitable opportunities had to be foregone as people were unwilling to block their funds for long bracing of time. The increased liquidity in the Indian capital markets has been facilitated through foreign participation in the defecate of equity. Increased capital flows in the inelegant have helped in improving the production base of the country. By way of this the total savings is distributed across countries with high potential that lack the necessary financial back-up. As a result of globalization the economic progress of a country is not affected by fund constraints. Studies have shown that an active capital market complemented by a sound banking system cause economic growth. The foreign participation in a country can take various forms like foreign institutional enthronisation or foreign direct investment. In India the bulk of the foreign investment is in the form of foreign portfolio investment. The growth rate in GDP is an important indicator of the tinct of the strengthened capital markets and stable financial system. The GDP growth rate of India has increased from the lows to the extent that the country ranks among the fastest growing nations in the world.

The Epic of Gilgamesh Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Epic of Gilgamesh - Assignment Example there is always a kind of terror from being at the mercy of the whims of a person who whitethorn non always act rationally or for the best interests of those whose lives they have control over. Certainly in the case of Gilgamesh to the very notion of the existence of Enkidu has premised on Gilgamesh the flawed human and part god acted in ways that made his subjects suffer. It is in this kind of backdrop that the fears of Enkidu relating to death are founded. Thehas premise decreed that he must die, and there is no arguing with the gods once they have decided that he must die. This thus far the fact that it was Gilgamesh after all who did the killings, and it was Enkidu who did warn Gilgamesh against going through with killing Humbaba. No, all these mitigating circumstances did not matter. What mattered to the gods was that someone should die and that in this case, they chose Enkidu to pay for the lives of the Bull of Heaven and of Humbaba (The Epic of Gilgamesh Brown SparkNotes Annenberg Foundation Hooker). This strange nature of the ways of the gods and of the way they arrived at Enkidus death sentence, however, is not the primary reason why Enkidu feared death. Sure he was bitter to the point of even regretting having crossed paths with the people who ultimately led him to his combat and friendship with Gilgamesh, but this bitterness is something that is separate from what made him fearful about death. He was fearful of go away primarily because of the visions that he had of death, grim and full of dark foreboding, and the opposite of the happiest days that he had cognise on earth. He feared death first and foremost because it was the end of all that he had lived for, and the beginning of what could be described as an eternal harrowing experience in a world that is bleak and poverty-stricken of sunshine, dark, a world of dust, as he described in the vision that he shared of livelihood after death. The vision o f death and what it was like came to him in a dream, that he shared to his friend Gilgamesh.